نوع المستند : المقالة الأصلية
المؤلفون
1 ما بعد الدكتوراه (Postdoc) في علوم القرآن والحديث، كلية الإلهیات والدراسات الإسلامية، جامعة فردوسي مشهد، مشهد، إيران.
2 دكتوراه في الفقه وأصوله، كلية الإلهيات والدراسات الإسلامية، جامعة فردوسي مشهد، مشهد، إيران.
المستخلص
الكلمات الرئيسية
عنوان المقالة [English]
المؤلفون [English]
This paper offers a multi-faceted investigation into the opening verse of Surah 'Abasa (“He frowned and turned away...”), aiming to precisely identify the subject of this action. Employing a methodology that integrates linguistic, exegetical, and contextual analysis, the study first examines the etymology of “‘abasa’” (to frown). Based on classical Arabic lexicons by authorities like al-Farahidi and Ibn Manzur, the term denotes a psychological reaction of displeasure.
The research critically evaluates the traditional Sunni interpretation from scholars like al-Tabari and Ibn Kathir, which attributes the action to the Prophet Muhammad during his engagement with Quraysh leaders. This view suggests he turned from the blind man, Abdullah ibn Umm Maktum. However, this study challenges this exegesis by highlighting weak chains of transmission (isnād) for the historical reports and its stark contradiction with the Prophet’s divinely affirmed “great moral character” (Al-Qalam: 4).
Conversely, the paper supports an alternative interpretation, championed by exegetes such as al-Tusi and al-Tabataba'i, which posits the verse does not refer to the Prophet. This argument is substantiated by the ambiguous third-person pronoun, the Surah's theme of critiquing arrogance, and alternative narrations identifying the subject as a man from Banu Umayya. Ultimately, the study concludes the verse is not a rebuke of the Prophet but a critique of the arrogant archetype who dismisses the vulnerable. This reading reinforces core Islamic values of justice, humility, and mercy, supported by integrated linguistic, contextual, and ethical evidence.
الكلمات الرئيسية [English]
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